Research

Some Early Studies

The consumption of virtual environment more than 4 hours/day, in the children between 0-3 years old, can cause a syndrome similar with the autism spectrum disorder.

January 2018
Zamfir, M. T. (2018).
Journal Romanian Literary Studies, 13, 953-968.

Causation Model of Autism: Audiovisual Brain Specialization in Infancy Competes with Social Brain Network

June 2016
Heffler, K. F. and L.M. Oestreicher
Medical Hypotheses, 91, 2016, pp. 114-122

Comparison of Television Viewing Between Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Controls

July 2011
Chonchaiya, W., P. Nuntnaraumit, and C. Pruksananonda
Acta Paediatrica, 100, 2011, pp. 1033-1037

Does Television Cause Autism?

December 2006
Waldman, M., S. Nicholson, and N. Adilov
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No, 12632, Revised December 2006.

Clinical Evidence

The consumption of virtual environment more than 4 hours/day, in the children between 0-3 years old, can cause a syndrome similar with the autism spectrum disorder.

January 2018
Zamfir, M. T. (2018).
Journal Romanian Literary Studies, 13, 953-968.

Early and Excessive Exposure to Screens (EEES): A New Syndrome

Marcelli, D., M.-C. Bossiere, A.-L. Ducanda
Devenir, 32, 2020, pp. 119-137.

Plea for a New Syndrome ‘Early and Excessive Exposure to Screens’ (EEPS)

Marcelli, Daniel, Marie-Claude Bossière and Anne-Lise Ducanda
Enfances & Psy, 79, pp. 142-10

Changes in Autism Symptoms Associated with Screen Exposure: Case Report of Two Young Children

Heffler, Karen Frankel, Lori R. Frome, and Dominic F. Gullo
Psychiatry Research Case Reports, 1(2), Article 100059

Correlation evidence of screen viewing and autism-related symptoms

Differentiating Post-Digital Nannying Autism Syndrome from Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

November 2022
Pouretemad, Hamid Reza, Saeid Sadeghi, Reeza Shervin Badv, and Serge Brand
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(22), Article 11226786

Amount of Screen Time and Occurrence of Autistic-Like Symptoms in Toddlers in a Tertiary Care Hospital

January 2022
Dikkala, Vishny Priya, P.S. Murthy, Raja Vikram Prasad, Venugopal Sharma, and Suprakash Chaudhury
Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 15(4), pp. 538-543

Correlation Between Screen Time and Autistic Symptoms as Well as Development Quotients in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

February 2021
Dong HY, Wang B, Li HH, Yue XJ, Jia FY
Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:619994. Published 2021 Feb 16. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.619994

Screen time and autistic-like behaviors among preschool children in China.

November 2020
Chen JY, Strodl E, Wu CA, Huang LH, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun DL, Xian DX, Chen YJ, Yang GY, Chen WQ.
Psychol Health Med. 2020 Nov 23:1-14. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1851034. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33227216.

Early Electronic Screen Exposure and Autistic-Like Behaviors Among Preschoolers: The Mediating Role of Caregiver-Child Interaction, Sleep Duration and Outdoor Activities

October 2020
Chen, Jing-Yi, Esben Strodl, Li-Hua Huang, Ying-Jie Chen, Gui-You Yang, and Wei-Qing Chen
Children, 7(11), Article 7110200

Association of Early-Life Social and Digital Media Experiences with Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Symptoms.

July 2020
Heffler KF, Sienko DM, Subedi K, McCann KA, Bennett DS.
JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Jul 1;174(7):690-696. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0230. PMID: 32310265; PMCID: PMC7171577.

Correlation evidence of screen viewing and autism diagnoses

A Study of the Effects of Screen Exposure on the Neuropsychological Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Based on ScreenQ

May 2024
Peng, Xinyuo, Yang Xue, Hanyu Dong, Chi Ma, Feiyong Jia, and Lin Du
BMC Pediatrics, 24, Article 340

Associations between Symptom Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Screen Time Among Toddlers 16 to 36 Months

December 2022
Sadeghi, Saeid, Hamid Reza Pouretemad, Reza Shervin Badv, and Serge Brand
Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), Article 13030208

Screen Time and Autism: Current Situation and Risk Factors for Screen Time Among Pre-School Children with ASD

August 2021
Dong, Han-Yu, Jun-Yan Feng, Bing Wang, Ling Shan, and Fei-Yong Jia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 675902

Correlation Between Screen Time and Autistic Symptoms as Well as Development Quotients in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

February 2021
Dong, Han-Yu, Bing Wang, Hong-Hua Li, Xiao-Jing Yue, and Fei-Yong Jia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 619984

Comparison of Television Viewing Between Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Controls

July 2011
Chonchaiya, W., P. Nuntnaraumit, and C. Pruksananonda
Acta Paediatrica, 100, 2011, pp. 1033-1037

Comparison of Sedentary Behaviors Between Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typically Developing Children

Must, Aviva, Sarah M. Phillip, Carol Curtain, Sarah E. Anderson, Melissa Maslin, Keith Lividini, Linda G. Bandini
Autism, 18(4), pp. 376-384

Evidence from natural experiments

Autism Prevalence and Precipitation Rates in California, Oregon, and Washington Counties

November 2008
Waldman, M., S. Nicholson, N. Adilov, and J. Williams
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162, November 2008, pp. 1026-1034

Does Television Cause Autism?

December 2006
Waldman, M., S. Nicholson, and N. Adilov
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No, 12632, Revised December 2006.

Evidence concerning screen time reduction and treatment outcomes

Parent-child Interaction Effects on Autism Symptoms and EEG Relative Power in Young Children with Excessive Screen-Time

January 2021
Sadeghi, S., H.R. Pouretemad, R. Khosrowabadi, J. Fathabadi, and S. Nikbakht
Early Childhood Development and Care, 191, 2021, pp. 827-836.

Electrophysiological Evidence for Parent Training in Young Children with Autism Symptoms and Excessive Screen-Time

October 2019
Sadeghi, Saeid, Hamid Reza Pouretemad, Reza Khosrowabadi, Jalil Fathabadi, and Sedighe Nikbalcht
Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, pp. 7-12

Screen Time Reduction and Focus on Social Engagement in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study

Heffler, Karen Frankel, Lori R. Frome, Brigid Garvin, Lindsay M. Bungert, and David S. Bennett
Pediatrics International, 64(1), Article e15343

Theories concerning how early childhood screen viewing could be an autism trigger

Causation Model of Autism: Audiovisual Brain Specialization in Infancy Competes with Social Brain Network

June 2016
Heffler, K. F. and L.M. Oestreicher
Medical Hypotheses, 91, 2016, pp. 114-122

Autism’s Direct Cause? Failure of Infant-Mother Eye Contact in a Complex Adaptive System

McDowell, Maxson J.
Biological Theory, 5, pp. 344-356

Surveys concerning electronic screen viewing and autism

Screen time and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

December 2023
Ophir, Yaakov, Hananel Rosenberg, Refael Tikochinski, Shani Dalyot, and Yuliya Lipshits-Braziler
JAMA Network Open, 6(12), Article e2346775

Early Screen-Time Exposure and its Association with Risk of Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

July 2023
Sarfaz, Saba, Gandhala Shlaghya, Sri Harsha Narayana, Ujala Mushtaq, Basim Shaman Ameen, Chuhao Nie, Daniel Nechi, Iqra J. Mazhar, Mohamed Yasir, and Ana P. Arcia Franchini
Cureus, Article 42292

Intensive early screen exposure as a causal factor for symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder: The case for «Virtual autism».

December 2019
Harlé B.
Trends Neurosci Educ. 2019 Dec;17:100119. doi: 10.1016/j.tine.2019.100119. Epub 2019 Oct 10. PMID: 31685125.

Screen Media and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.

May 2019
Slobodin O, Heffler KF, Davidovitch M.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2019 May;40(4):303-311. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000654. PMID: 30908423.